Highly progressive fuel tax enforced by chips in vehicles

I have an idea for a system to drastically limit the overuse of fossil fuels in an equitable manner by introducing a system in vehicles in which the tax of fuel at the pump is calculated based on a chip in the vehicle.

If it is a newer or wasteful vehicle the cost of gas would basically be a lot higher than for an older (well-maintained) or fuel-efficient one. So imagine someone with a small, 1.2 liter, 4-cylinder engine which gets 35 mpg going to a pump to fuel up. When they attach the pump to their car the price of gas comes up as say $4/gallon.

But when someone in a Continental SUV comes up to the pump based on the chip inside it the cost of gas is $16/gallon.

Under this system perhaps it can even be set up that people who do things like ride bicycles actually get money, which in all truth they should. There can be chips inside bicycles which register how much they are ridden and every now and then a bicyclist can go to a gas station and redeem their credit and get cash.